II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Turkey # From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12): # http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone # history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents. # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): # That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları") # is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other # sources. # From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12): # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24 # 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1 # 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1 # 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1 # 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5 # 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00, # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) # 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) # 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) # 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17 # This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978. # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 # (not applied due to standard TZ change below) # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3 # This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30 # degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2 # to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was # already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an # "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years. # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1 # 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4) # 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3) # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34) # At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early # 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares # the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the # standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when # that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this # as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone". # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1 # 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25): # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with # no exceptions. # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... # Here are official papers: # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985. # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. # https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 # Turkish: # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the # Turkish Local election.... # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule # change but cell LINEs (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. # I guess the best we can do is document the official time. # From Fatih (2015-09-29): # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 # # From BBC News (2015-10-25): # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf # # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. # It takes effect today, which is not much notice. # From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28): # Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10. # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf # # From Even Scharning (2017-11-08): # ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous": # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482 # From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08): # Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like # Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S # DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass. Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 - Rule Tur